The PEARL institutional ABM simulating authorities' decision making for the selection of resilience strategies
Saved settings name: 2_best_highfloods(26/09/2017 21:27:45)
The simulation of the decision making processes of the responsible authorities for the preparation and protection of the city against floods has finished.
The following results present two selected simulation results with the higher and lowest performance in respect to the preparation and protection of the city against the flooding scenarios given the selected social, economic, technical and environmental conditions.
Implementation of preparedness actions
The following figure presents the implemented preparedness actions during the 10-year simulation. The implementation or not of an action is related to the selected conditions. Authorities implement an action if funding is available and if they cooperate with other stakeholders without the interference of the decision-making process by corruption and/or lack of lateral communication between authorities.
Higher Performance Graph
| Action name | 1st Year | 2nd Year | 3rd Year | 4th Year | 5th Year | 6th Year | 7th Year | 8th Year | 9th Year | 10th Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inspection and repair of sewage network | ||||||||||
| Clean up of streams | ||||||||||
| Update contractors regarding the authorities' need to use their equipment and personnel in case of flooding events | ||||||||||
| Informing local businessmen of the importance of keeping the sewage network maintained | ||||||||||
| Update stakeholders under the auspices of Civil Protection | ||||||||||
| Road repairs |
Lower Performance Graph
| Action name | 1st Year | 2nd Year | 3rd Year | 4th Year | 5th Year | 6th Year | 7th Year | 8th Year | 9th Year | 10th Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inspection and repair of sewage network | ||||||||||
| Clean up of streams | ||||||||||
| Update contractors regarding the authorities' need to use their equipment and personnel in case of flooding events | ||||||||||
| Informing local businessmen of the importance of keeping the sewage network maintained | ||||||||||
| Update stakeholders under the auspices of Civil Protection | ||||||||||
| Road repairs |
Implementation of flood resilience measures
The following figure presents the implemented flood resilience measures during the 10-year simulation. The implementation or not of a measure is related to the selected conditions. The authorities’ preferences are used to estimate the weight of the characteristics of the flood resilience measures (as described in the PEARL Knowledge Base) using the Analytical Hierarcy Process method. The authorities based on their preferences perform a multi-criteria assessment and prioritise the proposed flood resilience measures. The authorities implement a measure if funding is available and if they cooperate with other stakeholders interference or corruption of the decision-making process and/or lack of lateral communication between authorities. If a flood resilience measure is decided to be implemented it will start functioning (and appear as “implemented” in the figure below) only after the set “time required until measure is operational” has passed. Additionally, when a flood resilience measure has been implemented the authorities need to allocate sufficient resources to maintain it annually.
Higher Performance Graph
| Measure name | 1st Year | 2nd Year | 3rd Year | 4th Year | 5th Year | 6th Year | 7th Year | 8th Year | 9th Year | 10th Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Floodwall | ||||||||||
| Evacuation plan | ||||||||||
| Beach nourishment | ||||||||||
| Check valve | ||||||||||
| Flood detention reservoir | ||||||||||
| Flood forecasting and early warning | ||||||||||
| Flood insurance | ||||||||||
| Increased capacity of sewer/drainage system | ||||||||||
| Land use plan / spatial planning | ||||||||||
| Public awareness information education and communication | ||||||||||
| Breakwater |
Lower Performance Graph
| Measure name | 1st Year | 2nd Year | 3rd Year | 4th Year | 5th Year | 6th Year | 7th Year | 8th Year | 9th Year | 10th Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Floodwall | ||||||||||
| Evacuation plan | ||||||||||
| Beach nourishment | ||||||||||
| Check valve | ||||||||||
| Flood detention reservoir | ||||||||||
| Flood forecasting and early warning | ||||||||||
| Flood insurance | ||||||||||
| Increased capacity of sewer/drainage system | ||||||||||
| Land use plan / spatial planning | ||||||||||
| Public awareness information education and communication | ||||||||||
| Breakwater |
Funds spent
The following figure presents the percentage of available funds that were spent each year for the implementation of flood resilience measures and flood preparedness actions. Availability of funds is relevant to the selected funding conditions, the number of required flood preparedness actions and to the local political will. The funds spent are relevant to the decision made by the authorities to implement actions and measures. However, if process is altered or corrupted, it is assumed that funds are spent in vain, without the implementation of the decisions.
Higher Performance Graph
Lower Performance Graph
Cooperation of authorities
The following figure presents the number of times that the responsible authorities for the implementation of the preparedness actions and the flood resilience measures cooperated with a stakeholder. The more authorities cooperate the more prepared and protected a city is, increasing as well the social acceptability of the authorities that it is assumed to affect the availability of funds.
Higher Performance Graph
Lower Performance Graph
Area performance
The following figure presents the performance of the area in being prepared and protected by the flooding events that affect the area. It is assumed that a city that implements all proposed actions and measures is prepared and protected from extreme events (in this experimental design high severity events of both pluvial and coastal type).
The performance of the area is relevant to the positive impacts of the implemented flood preparedness actions and flood resilience measures.
